Madhavan Mukund

RDBMS and SQL

Sep–Nov 2023

Administrative details

• Instructor: Madhavan Mukund

• Teaching Assistants: None

• Evaluation:

  • Assignments, final exam

  • Weightage approximately 60%, 40%, to be confirmed

  • Copying is fatal

• Text and reference books:

  • Database System Concepts (7th Edition), Avi Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Course plan

This list is approximate and subject to change.

• The relational model
  • History
  • Relational algebra
• SQL
  • Basic queries
  • Creating and updating tables
  • Aggregate queries
• Storing tables on disk
• Query processing
• Transactions and consistency

Assignments

• Assignment 1, 11 Oct 2023, due 18 Oct 2023
• Assignment 2, 10 Nov 2023, due 18 Nov 2023

Lectures

• Lecture 1: 8 Sep 2023
  (Class Notes)

  • Why DBMS? Overview of concepts to be discussed in the course
  • The relational model — mathematical relations, relations an d tables, schema
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2

  Supplementary reading

  • A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks, E.F. Codd, CACM, Jun 1970
  • A Brief History of Databases, from http://avant.org/project/history-of-databases/

• Lecture 2: 12 Sep 2023
  (Class Notes)

  • The relational model — keys, referential integrity, foreign keys, schema diagram
  • Relational algebra — select, project, join
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6

• Lecture 3: 22 Sep 2023
  (Class Notes)

  • Relational algebra – select, project, join, set operations, assignment, renaming
  • Sets vs lists – duplicates and ordering
  • Query optimization, declarative programming
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 2.6

• Lecture 3: 22 Sep 2023
  (Class Notes)

  • Relational algebra – select, project, join, set operations, assignment, renaming
  • Sets vs lists – duplicates and ordering
  • Query optimization, declarative programming
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 2.6

• Lecture 4: 13 Oct 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Introduction to SQL – table creation, updating tables, select command
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (part)

• Lecture 5: 20 Oct 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Introduction to SQL – cartesian product, join, renaming and self-join, set operations, string comparison, ordering output, aggregate queries, nested output
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.7 (part)

• Lecture 6: 27 Oct 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Introduction to SQL – aggregate operations, grouping, joins (natural, outer, inner), null values, set membership and comparison, testing for empty relations and duplicates, views
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 4.1, 4.2

• Lecture 7: 3 Nov 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Introduction to SQL – constraints, cascading deletes/updates, built-in datatypes, interfacing with SQL
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 4.4

  • Relational database design – redundancy, lossless decomposition, functional dependences, normalization, BCNF, 3NF, closure
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4.1, 7.4.2

• Lecture 8: 10 Nov 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Storage – RAM, disk, SSD; fixed and variable length records; heap and sequential organization of files
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 12.1-12.4, 13.1-13.3
  • Indexing: motivation, clustering index, dense and sparse indices, secondary indices, multilevel indices, B+-trees
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 14.1-14.3

• Lecture 9: 17 Nov 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Query processing: query plans, assessing and optimizing cost, algorithms for selection, external merge sort, computing joins
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 15.1-15.6
  • Query optimization: transforming relational algebra expressions, estimating outputs, choosing between evaluation plans
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 16.1-16.4

• Lecture 10: 24 Nov 2023
  (Class Notes (pdf))

  • Transactions: ACID properties, transaction state diagram, logs, concurrent schedules, serializability, conflict serializability, testing for conflict serializability, recoverable schedules, cascading rollbacks, transactions in SQL
  • Reference: Silberschatz et al, Ch 17.1-17.8