MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual

Copyright 1997-2008 MySQL AB

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Abstract

This is the MySQL Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 5.0 through 5.0.68.

This manual is for MySQL Enterprise Server, our commercial offering, and for MySQL Community Server. Sections that do not apply for MySQL Enterprise Server users are marked:

This section does not apply to MySQL Enterprise Server users.

Sections that do not apply to MySQL Community Server users are marked:

This section does not apply to MySQL Community Server users.

Document generated on: 2008-08-15 (revision: 11568)


Table of Contents

Preface
1. General Information
1.1. About This Manual
1.2. Conventions Used in This Manual
1.3. Overview of MySQL AB
1.4. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
1.4.1. What is MySQL?
1.4.2. History of MySQL
1.4.3. The Main Features of MySQL
1.5. MySQL Development Roadmap
1.5.1. What's New in MySQL 5.0
1.6. MySQL Information Sources
1.6.1. MySQL Mailing Lists
1.6.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums
1.6.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
1.6.4. MySQL Enterprise
1.7. How to Report Bugs or Problems
1.8. MySQL Standards Compliance
1.8.1. What Standards MySQL Follows
1.8.2. Selecting SQL Modes
1.8.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode
1.8.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL
1.8.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL
1.8.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints
2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL
2.1. MySQL Installation Overview
2.2. Determining your current MySQL version
2.3. Installing MySQL Enterprise
2.3.1. Overview of MySQL Enterprise Installation
2.3.2. Enterprise Server Distribution Types
2.3.3. Installing the Enterprise MySQL Server
2.3.4. Upgrading MySQL Enterprise Server
2.3.5. Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise
2.4. Installing MySQL Community Server
2.4.1. Overview of MySQL Community Server Installation
2.4.2. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server
2.4.3. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install
2.4.4. How to Get MySQL
2.4.5. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG
2.4.6. Installation Layouts
2.4.7. Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution
2.4.8. Installing MySQL on Windows
2.4.9. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux
2.4.10. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
2.4.11. Installing MySQL on Solaris
2.4.12. Installing MySQL on i5/OS
2.4.13. Installing MySQL on NetWare
2.4.14. Installing MySQL from tar.gz Packages on Other Unix-Like Systems
2.4.15. MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution
2.4.16. Post-Installation Setup and Testing
2.4.17. Upgrading MySQL
2.4.18. Downgrading MySQL
2.4.19. Operating System-Specific Notes
2.4.20. Environment Variables
2.4.21. Perl Installation Notes
3. Tutorial
3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
3.2. Entering Queries
3.3. Creating and Using a Database
3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database
3.3.2. Creating a Table
3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table
3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table
3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables
3.5. Using mysql in Batch Mode
3.6. Examples of Common Queries
3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column
3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group
3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field
3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables
3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys
3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys
3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day
3.6.9. Using AUTO_INCREMENT
3.7. Queries from the Twin Project
3.7.1. Find All Non-distributed Twins
3.7.2. Show a Table of Twin Pair Status
3.8. Using MySQL with Apache
4. MySQL Programs
4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs
4.2. Using MySQL Programs
4.2.1. Invoking MySQL Programs
4.2.2. Connecting to the MySQL Server
4.2.3. Specifying Program Options
4.2.4. Setting Environment Variables
4.3. MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs
4.3.1. mysqld — The MySQL Server
4.3.2. mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script
4.3.3. mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script
4.3.4. mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers
4.4. MySQL Installation-Related Programs
4.4.1. comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File
4.4.2. make_win_bin_dist — Package MySQL Distribution as ZIP Archive
4.4.3. make_win_src_distribution — Create Source Distribution for Windows
4.4.4. mysqlbug — Generate Bug Report
4.4.5. mysql_fix_privilege_tables — Upgrade MySQL System Tables
4.4.6. mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory
4.4.7. mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security
4.4.8. mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables
4.4.9. mysql_upgrade — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade
4.5. MySQL Client Programs
4.5.1. mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool
4.5.2. mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server
4.5.3. mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance and Repair Program
4.5.4. mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
4.5.5. mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
4.5.6. mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
4.6. MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs
4.6.1. innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility
4.6.2. myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
4.6.3. myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
4.6.4. myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
4.6.5. myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
4.6.6. mysqlaccess — Client for Checking Access Privileges
4.6.7. mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
4.6.8. mysqlhotcopy — A Database Backup Program
4.6.9. mysqlmanager — The MySQL Instance Manager
4.6.10. mysqlmanagerc — Internal Test-Suite Program
4.6.11. mysqlmanager-pwgen — Internal Test-Suite Program
4.6.12. mysql_convert_table_format — Convert Tables to Use a Given Storage Engine
4.6.13. mysql_explain_log — Use EXPLAIN on Statements in Query Log
4.6.14. mysql_find_rows — Extract SQL Statements from Files
4.6.15. mysql_fix_extensions — Normalize Table Filename Extensions
4.6.16. mysql_setpermission — Interactively Set Permissions in Grant Tables
4.6.17. mysql_tableinfo — Generate Database Metadata
4.6.18. mysql_waitpid — Kill Process and Wait for Its Termination
4.6.19. mysql_zap — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern
4.7. MySQL Program Development Utilities
4.7.1. msql2mysql — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL
4.7.2. mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients
4.7.3. my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files
4.7.4. resolve_stack_dump — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols
4.8. Miscellaneous Programs
4.8.1. perror — Explain Error Codes
4.8.2. replace — A String-Replacement Utility
4.8.3. resolveip — Resolve Hostname to IP Address or Vice Versa
5. MySQL Server Administration
5.1. The MySQL Server
5.1.1. Option and Variable Reference
5.1.2. Command Options
5.1.3. System Variables
5.1.4. Session System Variables
5.1.5. Using System Variables
5.1.6. Status Variables
5.1.7. SQL Modes
5.1.8. Server-Side Help
5.1.9. Server Response to Signals
5.1.10. The Shutdown Process
5.2. MySQL Server Logs
5.2.1. The Error Log
5.2.2. The General Query Log
5.2.3. The Binary Log
5.2.4. The Slow Query Log
5.2.5. Server Log Maintenance
5.3. General Security Issues
5.3.1. General Security Guidelines
5.3.2. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers
5.3.3. Security-Related mysqld Options
5.3.4. Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL
5.3.5. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User
5.4. The MySQL Access Privilege System
5.4.1. What the Privilege System Does
5.4.2. How the Privilege System Works
5.4.3. Privileges Provided by MySQL
5.4.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
5.4.5. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
5.4.6. When Privilege Changes Take Effect
5.4.7. Causes of Access denied Errors
5.4.8. Password Hashing as of MySQL 4.1
5.5. MySQL User Account Management
5.5.1. MySQL Usernames and Passwords
5.5.2. Adding New User Accounts to MySQL
5.5.3. Removing User Accounts from MySQL
5.5.4. Limiting Account Resources
5.5.5. Assigning Account Passwords
5.5.6. Keeping Your Password Secure
5.5.7. Using SSL for Secure Connections
5.6. Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine
5.6.1. Running Multiple Servers on Windows
5.6.2. Running Multiple Servers on Unix
5.6.3. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment
6. Backup and Recovery
6.1. Database Backups
6.2. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy
6.2.1. Backup Policy
6.2.2. Using Backups for Recovery
6.2.3. Backup Strategy Summary
6.3. Point-in-Time Recovery
6.3.1. Specifying Times for Recovery
6.3.2. Specifying Positions for Recovery
6.4. Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery
6.4.1. Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery
6.4.2. How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors
6.4.3. How to Repair Tables
6.4.4. Table Optimization
6.4.5. Getting Information About a Table
6.4.6. Setting Up a Table Maintenance Schedule
7. Optimization
7.1. Optimization Overview
7.1.1. MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs
7.1.2. Designing Applications for Portability
7.1.3. What We Have Used MySQL For
7.1.4. The MySQL Benchmark Suite
7.1.5. Using Your Own Benchmarks
7.2. Optimizing SELECT and Other Statements
7.2.1. Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
7.2.2. Estimating Query Performance
7.2.3. Speed of SELECT Queries
7.2.4. WHERE Clause Optimization
7.2.5. Range Optimization
7.2.6. Index Merge Optimization
7.2.7. Condition Pushdown Optimization
7.2.8. IS NULL Optimization
7.2.9. LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization
7.2.10. Nested Join Optimization
7.2.11. Outer Join Simplification
7.2.12. ORDER BY Optimization
7.2.13. GROUP BY Optimization
7.2.14. DISTINCT Optimization
7.2.15. Optimizing IN/=ANY Subqueries
7.2.16. LIMIT Optimization
7.2.17. How to Avoid Table Scans
7.2.18. Speed of INSERT Statements
7.2.19. Speed of UPDATE Statements
7.2.20. Speed of DELETE Statements
7.2.21. Other Optimization Tips
7.3. Locking Issues
7.3.1. Internal Locking Methods
7.3.2. Table Locking Issues
7.3.3. Concurrent Inserts
7.3.4. External Locking
7.4. Optimizing Database Structure
7.4.1. Design Choices
7.4.2. Make Your Data as Small as Possible
7.4.3. Column Indexes
7.4.4. Multiple-Column Indexes
7.4.5. How MySQL Uses Indexes
7.4.6. The MyISAM Key Cache
7.4.7. MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
7.4.8. How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables
7.4.9. Drawbacks to Creating Many Tables in the Same Database
7.5. Optimizing the MySQL Server
7.5.1. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning
7.5.2. Tuning Server Parameters
7.5.3. Controlling Query Optimizer Performance
7.5.4. The MySQL Query Cache
7.5.5. Examining Thread Information
7.5.6. How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL
7.5.7. How MySQL Uses Threads for Client Connections
7.5.8. How MySQL Uses Memory
7.5.9. How MySQL Uses Internal Temporary Tables
7.5.10. How MySQL Uses DNS
7.6. Disk Issues
7.6.1. Using Symbolic Links
8. Language Structure
8.1. Literal Values
8.1.1. Strings
8.1.2. Numbers
8.1.3. Hexadecimal Values
8.1.4. Boolean Values
8.1.5. Bit-Field Values
8.1.6. NULL Values
8.2. Schema Object Names
8.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers
8.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity
8.2.3. Function Name Parsing and Resolution
8.3. Reserved Words
8.4. User-Defined Variables
8.5. Comment Syntax
9. Internationalization and Localization
9.1. Character Set Support
9.1.1. Character Sets and Collations in General
9.1.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
9.1.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations
9.1.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations
9.1.5. Collation Issues
9.1.6. String Repertoire
9.1.7. Operations Affected by Character Set Support
9.1.8. Unicode Support
9.1.9. UTF-8 for Metadata
9.1.10. Column Character Set Conversion
9.1.11. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports
9.2. The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting
9.2.1. Using the German Character Set
9.3. Setting the Error Message Language
9.4. Adding a New Character Set
9.4.1. The Character Definition Arrays
9.4.2. String Collating Support
9.4.3. Multi-Byte Character Support
9.5. How to Add a New Collation to a Character Set
9.5.1. Collation Implementation Types
9.5.2. Choosing a Collation ID
9.5.3. Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set
9.5.4. Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set
9.6. Problems With Character Sets
9.7. MySQL Server Time Zone Support
9.8. MySQL Server Locale Support
10. Data Types
10.1. Data Type Overview
10.1.1. Overview of Numeric Types
10.1.2. Overview of Date and Time Types
10.1.3. Overview of String Types
10.1.4. Data Type Default Values
10.2. Numeric Types
10.3. Date and Time Types
10.3.1. The DATETIME, DATE, and TIMESTAMP Types
10.3.2. The TIME Type
10.3.3. The YEAR Type
10.3.4. Year 2000 Issues and Date Types
10.4. String Types
10.4.1. The CHAR and VARCHAR Types
10.4.2. The BINARY and VARBINARY Types
10.4.3. The BLOB and TEXT Types
10.4.4. The ENUM Type
10.4.5. The SET Type
10.5. Data Type Storage Requirements
10.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column
10.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines
11. Functions and Operators
11.1. Operator and Function Reference
11.2. Operators
11.2.1. Operator Precedence
11.2.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
11.2.3. Comparison Functions and Operators
11.2.4. Logical Operators
11.3. Control Flow Functions
11.4. String Functions
11.4.1. String Comparison Functions
11.4.2. Regular Expressions
11.5. Numeric Functions
11.5.1. Arithmetic Operators
11.5.2. Mathematical Functions
11.6. Date and Time Functions
11.7. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?
11.8. Full-Text Search Functions
11.8.1. Natural Language Full-Text Searches
11.8.2. Boolean Full-Text Searches
11.8.3. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
11.8.4. Full-Text Stopwords
11.8.5. Full-Text Restrictions
11.8.6. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search
11.9. Cast Functions and Operators
11.10. Other Functions
11.10.1. Bit Functions
11.10.2. Encryption and Compression Functions
11.10.3. Information Functions
11.10.4. Miscellaneous Functions
11.11. Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses
11.11.1. GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions
11.11.2. GROUP BY Modifiers
11.11.3. GROUP BY and HAVING with Hidden Fields
12. SQL Statement Syntax
12.1. Data Definition Statements
12.1.1. ALTER DATABASE Syntax
12.1.2. ALTER TABLE Syntax
12.1.3. CREATE DATABASE Syntax
12.1.4. CREATE INDEX Syntax
12.1.5. CREATE TABLE Syntax
12.1.6. DROP DATABASE Syntax
12.1.7. DROP INDEX Syntax
12.1.8. DROP TABLE Syntax
12.1.9. RENAME TABLE Syntax
12.2. Data Manipulation Statements
12.2.1. DELETE Syntax
12.2.2. DO Syntax
12.2.3. HANDLER Syntax
12.2.4. INSERT Syntax
12.2.5. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax
12.2.6. REPLACE Syntax
12.2.7. SELECT Syntax
12.2.8. Subquery Syntax
12.2.9. TRUNCATE Syntax
12.2.10. UPDATE Syntax
12.3. MySQL Utility Statements
12.3.1. DESCRIBE Syntax
12.3.2. EXPLAIN Syntax
12.3.3. HELP Syntax
12.3.4. USE Syntax
12.4. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements
12.4.1. START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax
12.4.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
12.4.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
12.4.4. SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Syntax
12.4.5. LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax
12.4.6. SET TRANSACTION Syntax
12.4.7. XA Transactions
12.5. Database Administration Statements
12.5.1. Account Management Statements
12.5.2. Table Maintenance Statements
12.5.3. User-Defined Function Statements
12.5.4. SET Syntax
12.5.5. SHOW Syntax
12.5.6. Other Administrative Statements
12.6. Replication Statements
12.6.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers
12.6.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers
12.7. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements
13. Storage Engines
13.1. The MyISAM Storage Engine
13.1.1. MyISAM Startup Options
13.1.2. Space Needed for Keys
13.1.3. MyISAM Table Storage Formats
13.1.4. MyISAM Table Problems
13.2. The InnoDB Storage Engine
13.2.1. InnoDB Overview
13.2.2. InnoDB Contact Information
13.2.3. InnoDB Configuration
13.2.4. InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
13.2.5. Creating the InnoDB Tablespace
13.2.6. Creating and Using InnoDB Tables
13.2.7. Adding and Removing InnoDB Data and Log Files
13.2.8. Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database
13.2.9. Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine
13.2.10. InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking
13.2.11. InnoDB Performance Tuning Tips
13.2.12. Implementation of Multi-Versioning
13.2.13. InnoDB Table and Index Structures
13.2.14. InnoDB File Space Management and Disk I/O
13.2.15. InnoDB Error Handling
13.2.16. Restrictions on InnoDB Tables
13.2.17. InnoDB Troubleshooting
13.3. The MERGE Storage Engine
13.3.1. MERGE Table Problems
13.4. The MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine
13.5. The BDB (BerkeleyDB) Storage Engine
13.5.1. Operating Systems Supported by BDB
13.5.2. Installing BDB
13.5.3. BDB Startup Options
13.5.4. Characteristics of BDB Tables
13.5.5. Restrictions on BDB Tables
13.5.6. Errors That May Occur When Using BDB Tables
13.6. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine
13.7. The FEDERATED Storage Engine
13.7.1. Description of the FEDERATED Storage Engine
13.7.2. How to Use FEDERATED Tables
13.7.3. Limitations of the FEDERATED Storage Engine
13.8. The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
13.9. The CSV Storage Engine
13.10. The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine
14. High Availability and Scalability
14.1. Using MySQL with DRBD for High Availability
14.1.1. Configuring the DRBD Environment
14.1.2. Configuring MySQL for DRBD
14.1.3. Optimizing Performance and Reliability
14.2. Using Linux HA Heartbeat
14.2.1. Heartbeat Configuration
14.2.2. Using Heartbeat with MySQL and DRBD
14.2.3. Using Heartbeat with DRBD and dopd
14.2.4. Dealing with System Level Errors
15. Using MySQL with memcached
15.1. Installing memcached
15.2. Using memcached
15.2.1. memcached Deployment
15.2.2. Memory allocation within memcached
15.2.3. Using namespaces
15.2.4. Data Expiry
15.2.5. memcached Hash Types
15.3. memcached Interfaces
15.3.1. Using libmemcached
15.3.2. Using MySQL and memcached with Perl
15.3.3. Using MySQL and memcached with Python
15.3.4. Using MySQL and memcached with PHP
15.3.5. Using MySQL and memcached with Ruby
15.3.6. Using MySQL and memcached with Java
15.3.7. Using the MySQL memcached UDFs
15.4. Getting memcached Statistics
15.4.1. memcached General Statistics
15.4.2. memcached Slabs Statistics
15.4.3. memcached Item Statistics
15.4.4. memcached Size Statistics
15.5. memcached FAQ
16. MySQL Proxy
16.1. MySQL Proxy Supported Platforms
16.2. Installing MySQL Proxy
16.2.1. Installing MySQL Proxy from a binary distribution
16.2.2. Installing MySQL Proxy from a source distribution
16.2.3. Installing MySQL Proxy from the Subversion repository
16.3. MySQL Proxy Command-Line Options
16.4. MySQL Proxy Scripting
16.4.1. Proxy Scripting Sequence During Query Injection
16.4.2. Internal Structures
16.4.3. Capturing a connection with connect_server()
16.4.4. Examining the handshake with read_handshake()
16.4.5. Examining the authentication credentials with read_auth()
16.4.6. Accessing authentication information with read_auth_result()
16.4.7. Manipulating Queries with read_query()
16.4.8. Manipulating Results with read_query_result()
16.5. Using MySQL Proxy
16.5.1. Using the Administration Interface
16.6. MySQL Proxy FAQ
17. MySQL Load Balancer
17.1. Installing MySQL Load Balancer
17.2. Getting Started
17.3. Using MySQL Load Balancer
17.4. Known Issues
17.5. MySQL Load Balancer FAQ
18. Replication
18.1. Replication Configuration
18.1.1. How to Set Up Replication
18.1.2. Replication Startup Options and Variables
18.1.3. Common Replication Administration Tasks
18.2. Replication Solutions
18.2.1. Using Replication for Backups
18.2.2. Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines
18.2.3. Using Replication for Scale-Out
18.2.4. Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves
18.2.5. Improving Replication Performance
18.2.6. Switching Masters During Failover
18.2.7. Setting Up Replication Using SSL
18.3. Replication Notes and Tips
18.3.1. Replication Features and Issues
18.3.2. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
18.3.3. Upgrading a Replication Setup
18.3.4. Replication FAQ
18.3.5. Troubleshooting Replication
18.3.6. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems
18.4. Replication Implementation Overview
18.4.1. Replication Implementation Details
18.4.2. Replication Relay and Status Files
18.4.3. How Servers Evaluate Replication Rules
19. MySQL Cluster
19.1. MySQL Cluster Overview
19.1.1. MySQL Cluster Core Concepts
19.1.2. MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions
19.2. Simple Multi-Computer How-To
19.2.1. Hardware, Software, and Networking
19.2.2. Multi-Computer Installation
19.2.3. Multi-Computer Configuration
19.2.4. Initial Startup
19.2.5. Loading Sample Data and Performing Queries
19.2.6. Safe Shutdown and Restart
19.3. MySQL Cluster Configuration
19.3.1. Building MySQL Cluster from Source Code
19.3.2. Installing the Cluster Software
19.3.3. Quick Test Setup of MySQL Cluster
19.3.4. Configuration File
19.3.5. Overview of Cluster Configuration Parameters
19.3.6. Configuring Parameters for Local Checkpoints
19.4. MySQL Cluster Options and Variables
19.4.1. MySQL Cluster Server Option and Variable Reference
19.4.2. MySQL Cluster-Related Command Options for mysqld
19.4.3. MySQL Cluster System Variables
19.4.4. MySQL Cluster Status Variables
19.5. Upgrading and Downgrading MySQL Cluster
19.5.1. Performing a Rolling Restart of the Cluster
19.5.2. MySQL Cluster 5.0 Upgrade and Downgrade Compatibility
19.6. Process Management in MySQL Cluster
19.6.1. MySQL Server Process Usage for MySQL Cluster
19.6.2. ndbd — The Storage Engine Node Process
19.6.3. ndb_mgmd — The Management Server Process
19.6.4. ndb_mgm — The Management Client Process
19.6.5. Command Options for MySQL Cluster Processes
19.7. Management of MySQL Cluster
19.7.1. Summary of MySQL Cluster Start Phases
19.7.2. Commands in the MySQL Cluster Management Client
19.7.3. Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster
19.7.4. NDB Log Messages
19.7.5. Single User Mode
19.7.6. Quick Reference: MySQL Cluster SQL Statements
19.8. MySQL Cluster Security Issues
19.8.1. MySQL Cluster Security and Networking Issues
19.8.2. MySQL Cluster and MySQL Privileges
19.8.3. MySQL Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures
19.9. On-line Backup of MySQL Cluster
19.9.1. Cluster Backup Concepts
19.9.2. Using The Management Client to Create a Backup
19.9.3. ndb_restore — Restore a Cluster Backup
19.9.4. Configuration for Cluster Backup
19.9.5. Backup Troubleshooting
19.10. Cluster Utility Programs
19.10.1. ndb_config — Extract NDB Configuration Information
19.10.2. ndb_cpcd — Automate Testing for NDB Development
19.10.3. ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from NDB Table
19.10.4. ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables
19.10.5. ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from NDB Table
19.10.6. ndb_drop_table — Drop NDB Table
19.10.7. ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility
19.10.8. ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents
19.10.9. ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents
19.10.10. ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents
19.10.11. ndb_select_all — Print Rows from NDB Table
19.10.12. ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables
19.10.13. ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables
19.10.14. ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator
19.10.15. ndb_waiter — Wait for Cluster to Reach a Given Status
19.11. Using High-Speed Interconnects with MySQL Cluster
19.11.1. Configuring MySQL Cluster to use SCI Sockets
19.11.2. MySQL Cluster Interconnects and Performance
19.12. Known Limitations of MySQL Cluster
19.12.1. Non-Compliance In SQL Syntax
19.12.2. Limits and Differences from Standard MySQL Limits
19.12.3. Limits Relating to Transaction Handling
19.12.4. Error Handling
19.12.5. Limits Associated with Database Objects
19.12.6. Unsupported Or Missing Features
19.12.7. Limitations Relating to Performance
19.12.8. Issues Exclusive to MySQL Cluster
19.12.9. Limitations Relating to Multiple Cluster Nodes
19.12.10. Previous MySQL Cluster Issues Resolved in MySQL 5.0
19.13. MySQL Cluster Development Roadmap
19.13.1. MySQL Cluster Changes in MySQL 5.0
19.13.2. MySQL 5.1 Development Roadmap for MySQL Cluster
19.14. MySQL Cluster Glossary
20. Spatial Extensions
20.1. Introduction to MySQL Spatial Support
20.2. The OpenGIS Geometry Model
20.2.1. The Geometry Class Hierarchy
20.2.2. Class Geometry
20.2.3. Class Point
20.2.4. Class Curve
20.2.5. Class LineString
20.2.6. Class Surface
20.2.7. Class Polygon
20.2.8. Class GeometryCollection
20.2.9. Class MultiPoint
20.2.10. Class MultiCurve
20.2.11. Class MultiLineString
20.2.12. Class MultiSurface
20.2.13. Class MultiPolygon
20.3. Supported Spatial Data Formats
20.3.1. Well-Known Text (WKT) Format
20.3.2. Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format
20.4. Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database
20.4.1. MySQL Spatial Data Types
20.4.2. Creating Spatial Values
20.4.3. Creating Spatial Columns
20.4.4. Populating Spatial Columns
20.4.5. Fetching Spatial Data
20.5. Analyzing Spatial Information
20.5.1. Geometry Format Conversion Functions
20.5.2. Geometry Functions
20.5.3. Functions That Create New Geometries from Existing Ones
20.5.4. Functions for Testing Spatial Relations Between Geometric Objects
20.5.5. Relations on Geometry Minimal Bounding Rectangles (MBRs)
20.5.6. Functions That Test Spatial Relationships Between Geometries
20.6. Optimizing Spatial Analysis
20.6.1. Creating Spatial Indexes
20.6.2. Using a Spatial Index
20.7. MySQL Conformance and Compatibility
21. Stored Procedures and Functions
21.1. Stored Routines and the Grant Tables
21.2. Stored Routine Syntax
21.2.1. CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
21.2.2. CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
21.2.3. ALTER PROCEDURE and ALTER FUNCTION Syntax
21.2.4. DROP FUNCTION Syntax
21.2.5. DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax
21.2.6. CALL Statement Syntax
21.2.7. BEGIN ... END Compound Statement Syntax
21.2.8. DECLARE Statement Syntax
21.2.9. Variables in Stored Routines
21.2.10. Conditions and Handlers
21.2.11. Cursors
21.2.12. Flow Control Constructs
21.2.13. RETURN Statement Syntax
21.3. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()
21.4. Binary Logging of Stored Routines and Triggers
22. Triggers
22.1. CREATE TRIGGER Syntax
22.2. DROP TRIGGER Syntax
22.3. Using Triggers
23. Views
23.1. ALTER VIEW Syntax
23.2. CREATE VIEW Syntax
23.3. DROP VIEW Syntax
24. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
24.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table
24.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table
24.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table
24.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table
24.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table
24.6. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table
24.7. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table
24.8. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table
24.9. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table
24.10. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table
24.11. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table
24.12. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table
24.13. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table
24.14. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table
24.15. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table
24.16. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table
24.17. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table
24.18. Other INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
24.19. Extensions to SHOW Statements
25. Precision Math
25.1. Types of Numeric Values
25.2. DECIMAL Data Type Changes
25.3. Expression Handling
25.4. Rounding Behavior
25.5. Precision Math Examples
26. APIs and Libraries
26.1. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library
26.2. MySQL C API
26.2.1. C API Data Types
26.2.2. C API Function Overview
26.2.3. C API Function Descriptions
26.2.4. C API Prepared Statements
26.2.5. C API Prepared Statement Data types
26.2.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview
26.2.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions
26.2.8. C API Prepared Statement Problems
26.2.9. C API Handling of Multiple Statement Execution
26.2.10. C API Handling of Date and Time Values
26.2.11. C API Threaded Function Descriptions
26.2.12. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions
26.2.13. Controlling Automatic Reconnect Behavior
26.2.14. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API
26.2.15. Building Client Programs
26.2.16. How to Make a Threaded Client
26.3. MySQL PHP API
26.3.1. MySQL
26.3.2. MySQL Improved Extension (Mysqli)
26.3.3. MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL)
26.3.4. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP
26.3.5. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP
26.4. MySQL Perl API
26.5. MySQL C++ API
26.6. MySQL Python API
26.7. MySQL Tcl API
26.8. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
27. Connectors
27.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC
27.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions
27.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction
27.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation
27.1.4. Connector/ODBC Configuration
27.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples
27.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference
27.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips
27.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support
27.2. MySQL Connector/NET
27.2.1. Connector/NET Versions
27.2.2. Connector/NET Installation
27.2.3. Connector/NET Examples and Usage Guide
27.2.4. Connector/NET Reference
27.2.5. Connector/NET Notes and Tips
27.2.6. Connector/NET Support
27.3. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin
27.3.1. Installing the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin
27.3.2. Creating a connection to the MySQL server
27.3.3. Using the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin
27.3.4. Visual Studio Plugin Support
27.4. MySQL Connector/J
27.4.1. Connector/J Versions
27.4.2. Connector/J Installation
27.4.3. Connector/J Examples
27.4.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference
27.4.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips
27.4.6. Connector/J Support
27.5. MySQL Connector/MXJ
27.5.1. Connector/MXJ Overview
27.5.2. Connector/MXJ Versions
27.5.3. Connector/MXJ Installation
27.5.4. Connector/MXJ Configuration
27.5.5. Connector/MXJ Reference
27.5.6. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips
27.5.7. Connector/MXJ Support
27.6. Connector/PHP
28. Extending MySQL
28.1. MySQL Internals
28.1.1. MySQL Threads
28.1.2. MySQL Test Suite
28.2. Adding New Functions to MySQL
28.2.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface
28.2.2. Adding a New User-Defined Function
28.2.3. Adding a New Native Function
28.3. Adding New Procedures to MySQL
28.3.1. PROCEDURE ANALYSE
28.3.2. Writing a Procedure
28.4. Debugging and Porting MySQL
28.4.1. Debugging a MySQL Server
28.4.2. Debugging a MySQL Client
28.4.3. The DBUG Package
28.4.4. Comments about RTS Threads
28.4.5. Differences Between Thread Packages
A. MySQL 5.0 Frequently Asked Questions
A.1. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — General
A.2. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Storage Engines
A.3. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Server SQL Mode
A.4. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Stored Procedures
A.5. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Triggers
A.6. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Views
A.7. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — INFORMATION_SCHEMA
A.8. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Migration
A.9. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Security
A.10. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — MySQL Cluster
A.11. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets
A.12. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Connectors & APIs
A.13. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Replication
A.14. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — MySQL, DRBD, and Heartbeat
A.14.1. Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
A.14.2. Linux Heartbeat
A.14.3. DRBD Architecture
A.14.4. DRBD and MySQL Replication
A.14.5. DRBD and File Systems
A.14.6. DRBD and LVM
A.14.7. DRBD and Virtualization
A.14.8. DRBD and Security
A.14.9. DRBD and System Requirements
A.14.10. DBRD and Support and Consulting
B. Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems
B.1. Problems and Common Errors
B.1.1. How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem
B.1.2. Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs
B.1.3. Installation-Related Issues
B.1.4. Administration-Related Issues
B.1.5. Query-Related Issues
B.1.6. Optimizer-Related Issues
B.1.7. Table Definition-Related Issues
B.1.8. Known Issues in MySQL
B.2. Server Error Codes and Messages
B.3. Client Error Codes and Messages
C. MySQL Enterprise Release Notes
C.1. MySQL Enterprise 5.0 Release Notes
C.1.1. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.68 (Not released yet)
C.1.2. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.66a [MRU] (16 July 2008)
C.1.3. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.66 [MRU] (09 July 2008)
C.1.4. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.64 [MRU] (10 June 2008)
C.1.5. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.62 [MRU] (12 May 2008)
C.1.6. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.60sp1 [QSP] (27 June 2008)
C.1.7. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.60 [MRU] (28 April 2008)
C.1.8. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.58 [MRU] (05 March 2008)
C.1.9. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.56sp1 [QSP] (30 March 2008)
C.1.10. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.56 [MRU] (06 February 2008)
C.1.11. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.54a [MRU] (11 January 2008)
C.1.12. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.54 [MRU] (14 December 2007)
C.1.13. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.52 [MRU] (30 November 2007)
C.1.14. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.50sp1a [QSP] (11 January 2008)
C.1.15. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.50sp1 [QSP] (12 December 2007)
C.1.16. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.50 [MRU] (19 October 2007)
C.1.17. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.48 [MRU] (27 August 2007)
C.1.18. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.46 [MRU] (13 July 2007)
C.1.19. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.44sp1 [QSP] (01 August 2007)
C.1.20. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.44 [MRU] (21 June 2007)
C.1.21. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.42 [MRU] (23 May 2007)
C.1.22. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.40 [MRU] (17 April 2007)
C.1.23. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.38 [MRU] (20 March 2007)
C.1.24. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.36sp1 [QSP] (12 April 2007)
C.1.25. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.36 [MRU] (20 February 2007)
C.1.26. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.34 [MRU] (17 January 2007)
C.1.27. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.32 [MRU] (20 December 2006)
C.1.28. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.30sp1 [QSP] (19 January 2007)
C.1.29. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.30 [MRU] (14 November 2006)
C.1.30. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.28 (24 October 2006)
D. MySQL Community Server Enhancements and Release Notes
D.1. MySQL Community Server 5.0 Enhancements and Release Notes
D.1.1. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.67 (04 August 2008)
D.1.2. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.51b (24 April 2008)
D.1.3. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.51a (11 January 2008)
D.1.4. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.51 (15 November 2007)
D.1.5. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.45 (04 July 2007)
D.1.6. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.41 (01 May 2007)
D.1.7. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.37 (27 February 2007)
D.1.8. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.33 (09 January 2007)
D.1.9. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.27 (21 October 2006)
E. MySQL Change History
E.1. Changes in release 5.0.x (Production)
E.1.1. Changes for release 5.0.27 and up
E.1.2. Changes in MySQL 5.0.26 (03 October 2006)
E.1.3. Changes in MySQL 5.0.25 (15 September 2006)
E.1.4. Changes in MySQL 5.0.24a (25 August 2006)
E.1.5. Changes in MySQL 5.0.24 (27 July 2006)
E.1.6. Changes in MySQL 5.0.23 (Not released)
E.1.7. Changes in MySQL 5.0.22 (24 May 2006)
E.1.8. Changes in MySQL 5.0.21 (02 May 2006)
E.1.9. Changes in MySQL 5.0.20a (18 April 2006)
E.1.10. Changes in MySQL 5.0.20 (31 March 2006)
E.1.11. Changes in MySQL 5.0.19 (04 March 2006)
E.1.12. Changes in MySQL 5.0.18 (21 December 2005)
E.1.13. Changes in MySQL 5.0.17 (14 December 2005)
E.1.14. Changes in MySQL 5.0.16 (10 November 2005)
E.1.15. Changes in MySQL 5.0.15 (19 October 2005: Production)
E.1.16. Changes in MySQL 5.0.14 (Not released)
E.1.17. Changes in MySQL 5.0.13 (22 September 2005: Release Candidate)
E.1.18. Changes in MySQL 5.0.12 (02 September 2005)
E.1.19. Changes in MySQL 5.0.11 (06 August 2005)
E.1.20. Changes in MySQL 5.0.10 (27 July 2005)
E.1.21. Changes in MySQL 5.0.9 (15 July 2005)
E.1.22. Changes in MySQL 5.0.8 (Not released)
E.1.23. Changes in MySQL 5.0.7 (10 June 2005)
E.1.24. Changes in MySQL 5.0.6 (26 May 2005)
E.1.25. Changes in MySQL 5.0.5 (Not released)
E.1.26. Changes in MySQL 5.0.4 (16 April 2005)
E.1.27. Changes in MySQL 5.0.3 (23 March 2005: Beta)
E.1.28. Changes in MySQL 5.0.2 (01 December 2004)
E.1.29. Changes in MySQL 5.0.1 (27 July 2004)
E.1.30. Changes in MySQL 5.0.0 (22 December 2003: Alpha)
E.2. Changes in MySQL Cluster
E.2.1. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.7 (10 June 2005)
E.2.2. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.6 (26 May 2005)
E.2.3. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.5 (Not released)
E.2.4. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.4 (16 April 2005)
E.2.5. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.3 (23 March 2005: Beta)
E.2.6. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.1 (27 July 2004)
E.2.7. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.13 (15 July 2005)
E.2.8. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.12 (13 May 2005)
E.2.9. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.11 (01 April 2005)
E.2.10. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.10 (12 February 2005)
E.2.11. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.9 (13 January 2005)
E.2.12. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.8 (14 December 2004)
E.2.13. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.7 (23 October 2004)
E.2.14. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.6 (10 October 2004)
E.2.15. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.5 (16 September 2004)
E.2.16. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.4 (31 August 2004)
E.2.17. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.3 (28 June 2004)
E.3. MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History
E.3.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.5 (Not yet released)
E.3.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.4 (15 April 2008)
E.3.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.3 (26 March 2008)
E.3.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.2 (13 February 2008)
E.3.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 (13 December 2007)
E.3.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.1.0 (10 September 2007)
E.3.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.12 (Never released)
E.3.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.11 (31 January 2007)
E.3.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.10 (14 December 2006)
E.3.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.9 (22 November 2006)
E.3.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.8 (17 November 2006)
E.3.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.7 (08 November 2006)
E.3.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.6 (03 November 2006)
E.3.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 5.0.5 (17 October 2006)
E.3.15. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.3 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 3) (20 June 2006)
E.3.16. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.2 (Never released)
E.3.17. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.1 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 2) (05 June 2006)
E.3.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.26 (07 July 2008)
E.3.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.25 (11 April 2008)
E.3.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.24 (14 March 2008)
E.3.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.23 (09 January 2008)
E.3.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.22 (13 November 2007)
E.3.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.21 (08 October 2007)
E.3.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.20 (10 September 2007)
E.3.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.19 (10 August 2007)
E.3.26. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.18 (08 August 2007)
E.3.27. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.17 (14 July 2007)
E.3.28. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.16 (14 June 2007)
E.3.29. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.15 (07 May 2007)
E.3.30. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.14 (08 March 2007)
E.3.31. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 (Never released)
E.3.32. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.12 (11 Febrauary 2005)
E.3.33. Changes in MySQL Connector/ODBC 3.51.11 (28 January 2005)
E.4. MySQL Connector/NET Change History
E.4.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.3.0 (Not yet released)
E.4.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.3 (Not yet released)
E.4.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.2 (12 May 2008)
E.4.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.1 (27 February 2008)
E.4.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.2.0 (11 February 2008)
E.4.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.7 (Not yet released)
E.4.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.6 (12 May 2008)
E.4.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.5 (Not yet released)
E.4.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.4 (20 November 2007)
E.4.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.3 (21 September 2007)
E.4.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.2 (18 June 2007)
E.4.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.1 (23 May 2007)
E.4.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.0 (01 May 2007)
E.4.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.10 (Not yet released)
E.4.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.9 (Not yet released)
E.4.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.8 (21 August 2007)
E.4.17. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.7 (18 May 2007)
E.4.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.6 (22 March 2007)
E.4.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.5 (07 March 2007)
E.4.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.4 (Not released)
E.4.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.3 (05 January 2007)
E.4.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.2 (06 November 2006)
E.4.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.1 (01 October 2006)
E.4.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.0 (08 August 2006)
E.4.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.11 (Not yet released)
E.4.26. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.10 (24 August 2007)
E.4.27. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.9 (02 February 2007)
E.4.28. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.8 (20 October 2006)
E.4.29. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.7 (21 November 2005)
E.4.30. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.6 (03 October 2005)
E.4.31. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.5 (29 August 2005)
E.4.32. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.4 (20 January 2005)
E.4.33. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.3 (12 October 2004)
E.4.34. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.2 (15 November 2004)
E.4.35. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.1 (27 October 2004)
E.4.36. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.0 (01 September 2004)
E.4.37. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.9.0 (30 August 2004)
E.4.38. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.76
E.4.39. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.75
E.4.40. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.74
E.4.41. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.71
E.4.42. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.70
E.4.43. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.68
E.4.44. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.65
E.4.45. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.60
E.4.46. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.50
E.5. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin Change History
E.5.1. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.3 (Not yet released)
E.5.2. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.2 (Not yet released)
E.5.3. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.1 (4 October 2006)
E.5.4. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.0 (4 October 2006)
E.6. MySQL Connector/J Change History
E.6.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x
E.6.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.0.x
E.6.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.1.x
E.6.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.0.x
E.6.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 2.0.x
E.6.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2b (04 July 1999)
E.6.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2.x and lower
E.7. MySQL Connector/MXJ Change History
E.7.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 (04 May 2007)
E.7.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.5 (14 March 2007)
E.7.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 (28 January 2007)
E.7.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 (24 June 2006)
E.7.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.2 (15 June 2006)
E.7.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.1 (Never released)
E.7.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.0 (09 December 2005)
E.8. MySQL Proxy Change History
E.8.1. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.0 (Not yet released)
E.8.2. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.1 (30 June 2007)
E.8.3. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.0 (19 June 2007)
F. Restrictions and Limits
F.1. Restrictions on Stored Routines and Triggers
F.2. Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors
F.3. Restrictions on Subqueries
F.4. Restrictions on Views
F.5. Restrictions on XA Transactions
F.6. Restrictions on Character Sets
F.7. Limits in MySQL
F.7.1. Limits of Joins
F.7.2. The Maximum Number of Columns Per Table
F.7.3. Windows Platform Limitations
G. Credits
G.1. Developers at MySQL AB
G.2. Contributors to MySQL
G.3. Documenters and translators
G.4. Libraries used by and included with MySQL
G.5. Packages that support MySQL
G.6. Tools that were used to create MySQL
G.7. Supporters of MySQL
Index

List of Figures

14.1. DRBD Architecture
14.2. DRBD Architecture
14.3. DRBD Architecture
15.1. memcached overview
15.2. memcached memory allocation
15.3. Typical memcached usage sequence
17.1. Replication architecture with clients using multiple MySQL slaves
17.2. Replication architecture with clients using dedicated MySQL slaves
17.3. Replication architecture with clients using MySQL Load Balancer
18.1. Using replication to improve the performance during scaleout
18.2. Using replication to replicate separate DBs to multiple hosts
18.3. Using an additional replication host to improve performance
18.4. Redundancy using replication, initial structure
18.5. Redundancy using replication, after master failure
A.1. Active-Master MySQL server

List of Tables

2.1. Build (configure) Reference
4.1. mysqld_safe Option Reference
4.2. mysql Option Reference
4.3. mysqladmin Option Reference
4.4. mysqlcheck Option Reference
4.5. mysqldump Option Reference
4.6. mysqlimport Option Reference
4.7. mysqlshow Option Reference
4.8. myisamchk Option Reference
4.9. mysqlaccess Option Reference
4.10. mysqlbinlog Option Reference
4.11. mysqlhotcopy Option Reference
4.12. mysql_tableinfo Option Reference
26.1. MySQL Configuration Options
26.2. MySQL client constants
26.3. MySQL fetch constants
26.4. MySQLi Configuration Options
26.5. Possible mysqli_info return values
26.6. Valid options
26.7. Supported flags
26.8. Type specification chars
26.9. Return Values
26.10. Object attributes
26.11. Object properties
26.12. Object properties
26.13. Supported flags
27.1. Mapping of MySQL Error Numbers to SQLStates

List of Examples

26.1. MySQL extension overview example
26.2. mysql_affected_rows example
26.3. mysql_affected_rows example using transactions
26.4. mysql_client_encoding example
26.5. mysql_close example
26.6. mysql_connect example
26.7. mysql_connect example using hostname:port syntax
26.8. mysql_connect example using ":/path/to/socket" syntax
26.9. mysql_create_db alternative example
26.10. mysql_data_seek example
26.11. mysql_db_name example
26.12. mysql_db_query alternative example
26.13. mysql_drop_db alternative example
26.14. mysql_errno example
26.15. mysql_error example
26.16. mysql_escape_string example
26.17. Query with aliased duplicate field names
26.18. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_NUM
26.19. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_ASSOC
26.20. mysql_fetch_array with MYSQL_BOTH
26.21. An expanded mysql_fetch_assoc example
26.22. mysql_fetch_field example
26.23. A mysql_fetch_lengths example
26.24. mysql_fetch_object example
26.25. mysql_fetch_object example
26.26. Fetching one row with mysql_fetch_row
26.27. A mysql_field_flags example
26.28. mysql_field_len example
26.29. mysql_field_name example
26.30. A mysql_field_table example
26.31. mysql_field_type example
26.32. A mysql_free_result example
26.33. mysql_get_client_info example
26.34. mysql_get_host_info example
26.35. mysql_get_proto_info example
26.36. mysql_get_server_info example
26.37. Relevant MySQL Statements
26.38. mysql_insert_id example
26.39. mysql_list_dbs example
26.40. Alternate to deprecated mysql_list_fields
26.41. mysql_list_processes example
26.42. mysql_list_tables alternative example
26.43. A mysql_num_fields example
26.44. mysql_num_rows example
26.45. A mysql_ping example
26.46. Invalid Query
26.47. Valid Query
26.48. Simple mysql_real_escape_string example
26.49. An example SQL Injection Attack
26.50. A "Best Practice" query
26.51. mysql_result example
26.52. mysql_select_db example
26.53. mysql_stat example
26.54. Alternative mysql_stat example
26.55. mysql_tablename example
26.56. mysql_thread_id example
26.57. Object oriented style
26.58. Procedural style
26.59. Object oriented style
26.60. Procedural style
26.61. Object oriented style
26.62. Procedural style
26.63. Object oriented style
26.64. Procedural style
26.65. Object oriented style
26.66. Procedural style
26.67. mysqli_connect_errno example
26.68. mysqli_connect_error example
26.69. Object oriented style
26.70. Procedural style
26.71. Generating a Trace File
26.72. Object oriented style
26.73. Procedural style
26.74. Object oriented style
26.75. Procedural style
26.76. Object oriented style
26.77. Procedural style
26.78. Object oriented style
26.79. Procedural style
26.80. mysqli_get_client_info
26.81. mysqli_get_client_version
26.82. Object oriented style
26.83. Procedural style
26.84. Object oriented style
26.85. Procedural style
26.86. Object oriented style
26.87. Procedural style
26.88. Object oriented style
26.89. Procedural style
26.90. Object oriented style
26.91. Procedural style
26.92. Object oriented style
26.93. Procedural style
26.94. Object oriented style
26.95. Procedural style
26.96. Object oriented style
26.97. Procedural style
26.98. Object oriented style
26.99. Procedural style
26.100. Object oriented style
26.101. Procedural style
26.102. Object oriented style
26.103. Procedural style
26.104. Object oriented style
26.105. Procedural style
26.106. Object oriented style
26.107. Procedural style
26.108. Object oriented style
26.109. Procedural style
26.110. Object oriented style
26.111. Procedural style
26.112. Object oriented style
26.113. Procedural style
26.114. Object oriented style
26.115. Procedural style
26.116. Object oriented style
26.117. Procedural style
26.118. Object oriented style
26.119. Procedural style
26.120. Object oriented style
26.121. Procedural style
26.122. Object oriented style
26.123. Procedural style
26.124. Object oriented style
26.125. Procedural style
26.126. Object oriented style
26.127. Procedural style
26.128. Object oriented style
26.129. Procedural style
26.130. Object oriented style
26.131. Procedural style
26.132. Object oriented style
26.133. Procedural style
26.134. Object oriented style
26.135. Procedural style
26.136. Object oriented style
26.137. Procedural style
26.138. Object oriented style
26.139. Procedural style
26.140. Object oriented style
26.141. Procedural style
26.142. Object oriented style
26.143. Procedural style
26.144. Object oriented style
26.145. Procedural style
26.146. Object oriented style
26.147. Procedural style
26.148. Object oriented style
26.149. Procedural style
26.150. Object oriented style
26.151. Object oriented style
26.152. Procedural style
26.153. Object oriented style
26.154. Procedural style
26.155. Object oriented style
26.156. Procedural style
26.157. Object oriented style
26.158. Procedural style
26.159. Object oriented style
26.160. Procedural style
26.161. Object oriented style
26.162. Procedural style
26.163. Object oriented style
26.164. Procedural style
26.165. Object oriented style
26.166. Procedural style
26.167. Object oriented style
26.168. Procedural style
26.169. Object oriented style
26.170. Procedural style
26.171. Object oriented style
26.172. Procedural style
26.173. Object oriented style
26.174. Procedural style
26.175. Object oriented style
26.176. Procedural style
26.177. Object oriented style
26.178. Procedural style
26.179. Object oriented style
26.180. Procedural style
26.181. Object oriented style
26.182. Forcing queries to be buffered in mysql
26.183. PDO_MYSQL DSN examples
27.1. Obtaining a connection from the DriverManager
27.2. Using java.sql.Statement to execute a SELECT query
27.3. Stored Procedures
27.4. Using Connection.prepareCall()
27.5. Registering output parameters
27.6. Setting CallableStatement input parameters
27.7. Retrieving results and output parameter values
27.8. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using Statement.getGeneratedKeys()
27.9. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
27.10. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values in Updatable ResultSets
27.11. Using a connection pool with a J2EE application server
27.12. Example of transaction with retry logic